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Citations

The resources below will provide you with information on how to properly cite your sources in MLA and APA format.

MLA Citations

Check out the resources below to learn more about citing in MLA.

Be sure to also check out our MLA citations research guide to find additional resources.

MLA Overview

What is a Citation?

A citation points to the sources of information used in a project or paper.

What is MLA?

MLA (which refers to the Modern Language Association) is a citation style typically used for English and other related courses and disciplines. The purpose of any citation style is to make all the citations appear in the same format for readability and consistency.

"Why Cite Sources"

When you write a paper or create a presentation, citations show where you got your information and

  • show your sources are reliable and up to date
  • help your reader find more information
  • give credit to the creator
  • help you avoid plagiarism

How to avoid plagiarism.

Use the resources below to help identify and avoid plagiarism.

MLA Works Cited Checklist

Think you are finished with your MLA Works Cited page?  Double check these formatting requirements!

Alphabetize

  • Place your citations in alphabetical order according to the first letter of the first word.

  • Skip words like The, A, An, etc.

  • In Microsoft Word 2013, highlight your list of citations and click the "A-Z" buttonA-Z button screenshot on the "Home" toolbar.

Think you are finished with your MLA Works Cited page?  Double check these formatting requirements!

  • Make sure each citation has a hanging indent.  The top line of each citation should be further to the left than the lines below.

  • In Microsoft Word 2013, highlight your list of citations and click CTRL + T.

Think you are finished with your MLA Works Cited page?  Double check these formatting requirements!

  • Your works cited page (and your whole paper) should be double spaced WITHOUT extra spaces between paragraphs and citations.

  • In Microsoft Word 2013, press CTRL+A to highlight your entire paper. 

    • Click the "Spacing" button on the "Home" toolbar.  Select "2.0" to double space the paper.

    • To remove extra spaces after paragraphs, make sure the entire paper is still highlighted.  Click the "Spacing" button again and select "Remove Space After Paragraph."

Think you are finished with your MLA Works Cited page?  Double check these formatting requirements!

 

  • Font style should be Times New Roman.

  • Font size should be 12-point font.

Video Tutorials - Works Cited Page in MLA Format

1st Video Tutorial: Microsoft Word Desktop version (downloaded version of Microsoft Word on your computer)

 

2nd Video Tutorial: Microsoft Word online version (Office 365 available in your Dashboard account)

 

3rd Video Tutorial: Google Docs

In-text Citation for Beginners (MLA)

APA Citations

Check out the resources below to learn more about citing in MLA.

Be sure to also check out our APA Citations research guide to find additional resources.

APA Overview

"What is APA?"

alternative text

APA (American Psychological Association) style is a set of guidelines for citing sources of information used in a project or paper.

  • It is typically used for nursing, social, and behavioral sciences.
  • Check with your teacher to learn what APA formatting is required for your specific assignment.

What is a Citation?

alternative text

A citation points to the work of other people or organizations used within your assignment.

 

Each source is cited:

  • within your paper (in-text citation) and
  • in your reference list at the end of the paper.

Every source must be cited in both places.


APA paper = Title page + Text of paper  + References

The purpose of any citation style is to make all the citations appear in the same format for readability and consistency.

Within papers and presentations, citations:

  • show that sources are reliable and up to date
  • help the reader find more information
  • give credit to the creator
  • help the writer avoid plagiarism

How to avoid plagiarism.

"Whether paraphrasing, quoting an author directly, or describing an idea that influenced your work, you must credit the source.  To avoid charges of plagiarism, take careful notes as you research to keep track of your sources and cite these sources according to the guidelines . . ." (APA, 2010, p. 170)

Use the resources below to help identify and avoid plagiarism.

Preparing the Reference Page

Alphabetize

  • Place your citations in alphabetical order according to the first letter of the first word.

  • Skip words like A, An, and The.

  • In Microsoft Word 2013, highlight your list of citations and click the "A-Z" buttonA-Z button screenshot on the "Home" toolbar.

Screenshot of a reference page: 1. The word

  • Your references page (and your whole paper) should be double spaced WITHOUT extra spaces between paragraphs and citations.

  • In Microsoft Word 2013, press CTRL+A to highlight your entire paper. 

    • Click the "Spacing" button on the "Home" toolbar.  Select "2.0" to double space the paper.

    • To remove extra spaces after paragraphs, make sure the entire paper is still highlighted.  Click the "Spacing" button again and select "Remove Space After Paragraph."

 

Screenshot of a reference page: 1. The word

hanging indent icon

Make sure each citation has a hanging indent.

The top line of each citation should be further to the left than the lines below.

In Microsoft Word 2013, highlight your list of citations and click CTRL + T.

 

Hanging indent: The first line of the citation begins at the left margin, with following lines indented a half inch.

Book and Article Titles in a Reference List

Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle, along with all proper nouns.

 

Journal, Magazine, and Newspaper Titles

Capitalize and italicize all major words and words of four letters or more.

E.g. Journal of the American Medical Association 

More . . .

APA Title Page

APA Formatting Guidelines

Follow your instructor's requirements, if available. These guidelines are the most commonly required.

Insert into the header of the page, on the left side, an abbreviated title (50 characters or less, including punctuation and spaces). Insert page number on right side. In the center of the page, add Title in Full, Student Name, and College Name.

  1. Use Times New Roman, 12 point font with standard 1 inch margins.
  2. Double-space throughout the title page, essay, and list of references. 
  3. Title should summarize the main idea in no more than 12 words.
    1. Capitalize first word and all significant words.
      1. After the first word, do not capitalize, articles (a, an, the), conjunctions (and, but, or, etc.) or prepositions.
    2. Don't underline, italicize, or bold the title.
    3. Center the title, your name, and school name.
  4. Page numbers
    1. Begin page numbers on the title page in the top right corner.
    2. Use only the number, do not write page, p. pg.

APA Formatting Video Tutorial