Skip to Main Content
Emergency Medical Technician/Responder (EMT & EMR) Research
Gwinnett Tech Library - Your Partner in Education

APA Citations Research Guide

Be sure to visit our APA Citations research guide for more information on citing in APA!

APA Overview

"What is APA?"

alternative text

APA (American Psychological Association) style is a set of guidelines for citing sources of information used in a project or paper.

  • It is typically used for nursing, social, and behavioral sciences.
  • Check with your teacher to learn what APA formatting is required for your specific assignment.

What is a Citation?

alternative text

A citation points to the work of other people or organizations used within your assignment.

 

Each source is cited:

  • within your paper (in-text citation) and
  • in your reference list at the end of the paper.

Every source must be cited in both places.


APA paper = Title page + Text of paper  + References

The purpose of any citation style is to make all the citations appear in the same format for readability and consistency.

Within papers and presentations, citations:

  • show that sources are reliable and up to date
  • help the reader find more information
  • give credit to the creator
  • help the writer avoid plagiarism

How to avoid plagiarism.

"Whether paraphrasing, quoting an author directly, or describing an idea that influenced your work, you must credit the source.  To avoid charges of plagiarism, take careful notes as you research to keep track of your sources and cite these sources according to the guidelines . . ." (APA, 2010, p. 170)

Use the resources below to help identify and avoid plagiarism.

Preparing the Reference Page

Alphabetize

  • Place your citations in alphabetical order according to the first letter of the first word.

  • Skip words like A, An, and The.

  • In Microsoft Word 2013, highlight your list of citations and click the "A-Z" buttonA-Z button screenshot on the "Home" toolbar.

Screenshot of a reference page: 1. The word

  • Your references page (and your whole paper) should be double spaced WITHOUT extra spaces between paragraphs and citations.

  • In Microsoft Word 2013, press CTRL+A to highlight your entire paper. 

    • Click the "Spacing" button on the "Home" toolbar.  Select "2.0" to double space the paper.

    • To remove extra spaces after paragraphs, make sure the entire paper is still highlighted.  Click the "Spacing" button again and select "Remove Space After Paragraph."

 

Screenshot of a reference page: 1. The word

hanging indent icon

Make sure each citation has a hanging indent.

The top line of each citation should be further to the left than the lines below.

In Microsoft Word 2013, highlight your list of citations and click CTRL + T.

 

Hanging indent: The first line of the citation begins at the left margin, with following lines indented a half inch.

Book and Article Titles in a Reference List

Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle, along with all proper nouns.

 

Journal, Magazine, and Newspaper Titles

Capitalize and italicize all major words and words of four letters or more.

E.g. Journal of the American Medical Association 

More . . .

APA Citation Guides

Refer to these APA citation style guides prepared by librarians. Research databases, eBook collections and word processing applications may also provide citation help.

How Do I Cite Sources? (APA Style)

APA in Minutes: In-Text Citations

Credit: Humber Libraries (2:35 minutes)

APA Formatting Video Tutorial