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APA Citations

Citing Authors

The number and type of authors will impact the format of the citations on your works cited page as well as your in-text citations. Use the examples found on the tabs above to help you correctly cite the author(s) of your source.

Note: Only information not already contained in your sentence is necessary in the parenthetical reference.

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Single Author

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of book: Subtitle of book. City, ST: Publisher.

Greenfield, S. (2015). Mind change: How digital technologies are leaving their mark on our brains. New York, NY: Random House.

 

 

Single Author

Greenfield (2015) writes . . .

"exact words - direct quotation" (Greenfield, 2015, p. 4).

In 2015, Greenfield proposed . . .

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Two Authors

Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title. Publication Information.

Grigsby, L. & Medici, E. (2014). Too much of a good thing: Zinc toxicosis in dogs. Veterinary Medicine108(11), 492-498. Retrieved from http://veterinarymedicine.dvm360.com/sourceissues

Three to Seven Authors

List all authors up to seven authors.

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C. & Author, D. D. (Year of publication). Title. Publication Information.

Eight or More Authors

Include the names of the first six authors, then insert three ellipsis points and add the last author's name.

Bruce, A. S., Lusk, J. L., Crespi, J. M., Cherry, J. C., Bruce, J. M. McFadden, B. R., & ... Martin, L. E. (2014). Consumers' neural and behavioral responses to food technologies and price. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, & Economics 7(3), 164-173. doi:10.1037/npe0000023

Two Authors

Cite both names every time the reference occurs in the text. Use "and" rather than an ampersand between the names, when used outside of parentheses.

Grigsby and Medici (2014) suggest

Three to Five Authors

Cite all authors the first time.

Research by Collins, Garlington, and Cooney (2015) indicate 

Subsequent citations within a paragraph, include only the last name of the first author followed by et al.
  Include the year, if it is the first reference to the citation in a paragraph.

According to Collins et. al. (2015) 

Six or More Authors

In each in-text citation, use only the last name of the first author followed by et al.

(Bruce et al., 2014)

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Multiple Works by the Same Author

Use three dashes to replace the authors name in subsequent citations. Place in order by the first important word of the title.

Gordon, R. (1995). It came from Memphis. New York: Pocket Books.

---. (2014). Respect yourself: Stax Records and the soul explosion. New York: Bloomsbury.

Multiple Works by the Same Author

Rock and roll was ground breaking in Memphis as it "rejected the idea of enforced segregation, mixing cultures as it mixed musical genres" (Gordon, 1995p. 2).

According to Gordon, "Record distribution was, and remains, a tricky business" (2014, p. 7).

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Organization as Author

Organization Name. Title. Publication Information.

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Public Heath Service, Office of the Surgeon General. (2014). The Health Consequences of Smoking-50 years of progress: A report of the Surgeon General. Retrieved from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/50-years-of-progress/index.html#fullreport

Organization as Author

If a corporate author (corporation, organization, and government agency) is readily identified by an abbreviation, include the full  name of the corporate author along with the abbreviation in brackets for the first citation. Use only the abbreviation in subsequent citations.

First in-text citation

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2015)

(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015)

Subsequent in-text citations

CDC (2015)

(CDC, 2015)

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Editors


Editor(s), No Author

Editor, E. E., & Editor, E. E. (Eds.).  (Year). Title. Publication information

Bassert, J. M., & Thomas, J. A. (Eds.). (2014). McCurnin's clinical textbook for veterinary technicians. (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

 

Editor(s) and Author(s)

Author, A. (Year). Title. Editor, E. E. (Ed.). Publication information.

 

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No Author


 Begin the reference with the title of the source.

Explore the social work profession. (n.d.). The Social Work Career Center. Retrieved from http://careers.socialworkers.org/explore

 Use "n.d." when no date is available.

More . . .

No Author


Cite the first few words of the title and the year.

Italicize the title of a book, periodical (journal, magazine, or newspaper), brochure. or report.

Place the title in quotation marks if it refers to an article, book chapter, or Web page.

("College success," 2015)

the article published in College Student Journal (2014)